#074 - Benjamin Bikman, Ph.D.: Insulin Resistance, Human Metabolism, Obesity, Diabetes, Mitochondrial Function, Reproductive Issues, Fasting, And More!

GET TRANSCRIPT AND FULL SHOWNOTES: melanieavalon.com/insulin 1:45 - IF Biohackers: Intermittent Fasting + Real Foods + Life: Join Melanie's Facebook Group At Facebook.com/groups/PaleoOMAD For A Weekly Episode GIVEAWAY, And To Discuss And Learn About All Things Biohacking! All Conversations Welcome! Go To Melanieavalon.com/nutrisenseCGM And Use Coupon Code MelanieAvalon For 15% Off Select Packages 2:35 - Follow Melanie On Instagram To See The Latest Moments, Products, And #AllTheThings! @MelanieAvalon 2:45 - BEAUTYCOUNTER: Non-Toxic Beauty Products Tested For Heavy Metals, Which Support Skin Health And Look Amazing! Shop At Beautycounter.Com/MelanieAvalon For Something Magical! For Exclusive Offers And Discounts, And More On The Science Of Skincare, Get On Melanie's Private Beautycounter Email List At MelanieAvalon.Com/CleanBeauty! Find Your Perfect Beautycounter Products With Melanie's Quiz: Melanieavalon.Com/Beautycounterquiz 8:55 - Ben's Personal Story 13:15 - Insulin's Role In Disease 17:05 - Measuring Insulin 17:25 - What Is Insulin? 19:30 - Insulin Signaling  20:40 - Defining Insulin Resistance 21:35 - Insulin Resistance And Sex Hormones 23:35 - Fatty Acid Transportation 25:15 - High Blood Glucose; Low Insulin 25:35 - Gluconeogenesis 27:15 - Homeostasis Between Gluconeogenesis And Insulin 28:00 - Communication And Regulatory Signaling 31:05 - PCOS 33:05 - The Role Of Fat Cells In Insulin Resistance 34:30 - How We Gain Fat 36:55 - Insulin Resistance In Fat Cells 37:40 - Inflammation In Fat Cells 39:30 - Insulin Sensitivity In The Morbidly Obese 41:20 - The Role Of Hypertrophy Vs Hyperplastic Cells 43:35 - Differences In BMI Application 46:55 - Vitamin D, And K2 50:30 - LUMEN: The Lumen Breath Analyzer Tells Your Body If You're Burning Carbs Or Fat For Energy! You Can Learn More In Melanie's Episodes With The Founder And Get $25 Off A Lumen Device At MelanieAvalon.com/Lumen With The Code melanieavalon25 52:00 - Visceral Fat Vs Subcutaneous Fat 52:55 - Macrophages And Foam Cells 56:40 - Ceramides, "Bad" Fat In The Body 59:05 - Creating Insulin Resistance 59:40 - Inflammation And Ceramides 1:00:25 - Insulin Resistance In Muscle Vs Fat 1:03:40 - Glycogen Storage; Liver Vs Muscles 1:05:40 - Muscle Glycogen Usage 1:07:10 - Liver Glycogen Depletion And Ketosis 1:09:50 - Increased Glycogen Storage 1:12:10 - Water Demands Of Glycogen  1:13:20 - Fat Storage Vs Glucose Storage 1:15:45 - Fruit Diets 1:17:40 - Non-Essential Carbohydrates 1:19:30 - Essential Glucose 1:21:00 - Carbohydrate Conversion To Fat 1:22:55 - Types Of Fat Created By Type Of Carbohydrate 1:24:20 - HFLC Vs LFHC 1:27:20 - How Saturated Fat Impacts Insulin Resistance 1:29:10 - Saturated Fat In The Blood 1:30:30 - Palmitate Production 1:32:00 - Oleic Acid Storage  1:33:10 - Monounsaturated Fat's Protective Effect 1:34:00 - Natural Fats; Animal And Plant Saturated Fats 1:35:15 - Saturated Fat In A Mixed Macro Diet 1:37:10 - Order Of Macro Consumption 1:41:05 - Carb + Protein Plant Sources 1:42:20 - SELF DECODE: Get All Of Your Nutritional Questions Answered With Self Decode's Comprehensive Genetic Reports! Go To MelanieAvalon.Com/Getselfdecode For 10% Off With The Coupon Code Melanieavalon And Don't Miss A Thing By Signing Up For Melanie's Private Email List At MelanieAvalon.Com/EmailList! 1:45:00 - Physiological Insulin Resistance 1:50:00 - Metabolic Inflexibility 1:54:00 - A Practical Diet Including Carbs 1:56:40 - Glycemic Load And Glycemic Index 1:58:10 - CGM Usage  1:58:40 - Berberine, Cinnamon, ACV For Glucose Control